Q: What is caveat in civil procedure code ?

Ans: In simple words, a caveat is a right given to a person in civil proceedings to avoid ex-parte orders or judgments. For example, X is the owner of the land and he wants to build a house on the same land, for which he even got permission from the municipality. However, Mr. Y, a neighbour of X, is not happy with his decision and claims that a part of the land where the construction is going to be done belongs to him. Now Mr. X being a wise man anticipates that Y may file an application. Thus he files a caveat against Y in a competent suit, praying the court to give him a notice when any such application is made by Y. Lodging of such caveat made X entitled to be informed by the court as well as Mr. Y about any application that is made or is about to be made and any order passed by the court without giving such a notice would be void.

The right to lodge caveat is mentioned under section 148A of civil procedure code. 

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